Tuesday, August 25, 2020

North Face case solution free essay sample

Should reviewers demand that their customers acknowledge all proposed review modifications, even those that have a â€Å"immaterial† impact on the given fiscal summaries? Protect your answer. The examiners ought not demand that their customers acknowledge all proposed review changes. The auditor’s principle obligation is to give sensible confirmation to check the precision and consistence of client’s fiscal reports, to guarantee that it passes on information and data of occasions happened inside the bookkeeping time frame. At the point when a misquote is discovered, the reviewer ought to choose whether the error is material, thinking about both sum and quality viewpoints. On the off chance that it is a material misquote, the examiner ought to fundamentally demand in making legitimate modifications, in light of the fact that the error will directly affect budget summaries and along these lines influence choices of individuals who depend on it. Be that as it may, in the event that it is an irrelevant misquote, inspectors ought to give customer reasons of making modifications. Since the irrelevant error won't directly affect fiscal summaries and along these lines won't influence people’s choice identified with the budget reports, the reviewer can acknowledge management’s reasons and regard client’s choice. We will compose a custom article test on North Face case arrangement or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Should inspectors take unequivocal measures to keep their customers from finding or getting mindful of the materiality edges utilized on singular review commitment? Can auditors disguise this data from their review customers? Evaluators should take unequivocal measures to keep customer from finding the materiality limits utilized on singular review commitment. On the off chance that untrustworthy administration or representative of customer discovers the materiality edges, they will comprehend auditors’ aim and get opportunities to control records and records. It might brings about hid material misquotes and troubles in examining. It is hard for reviewers to disguise the materiality limits from customers, since evaluators for the most part need assistance of client’s workers. To limit the likelihood of discharging the materiality data, examiners should focus on their words and practices and lessen discussing a lot with customers. On the off chance that there is a hole of materiality edges data, evaluators can make changes of estimation record or modify estimation cellar. Distinguish and quickly clarify every one of the vital destinations that reviewers would like to achieve by planning review workpapers. How were these targets sabotaged by Deloitte’s choice to adjust North Face’s 1997 workpapers? ISA 230 demonstrates that central targets of review workpapers are giving premise to decisions about accomplishments of by and large motivations behind evaluators and giving proof that review was arranged and acted as per administrative prerequisites. Extra destinations incorporate helping commitment group with arranging, performing and managing administrations, holding records of proceeding with hugeness to future reviews, and so forth. For this situation, Fiedelman knew about the $2. 65 million bit of bargain exchange however didn't challenge client’s choice to record its ordinary net revenue on the January 1998 â€Å"sale† and exaggerate net benefit by more than $1. 3 million. Also, Borden neither tended to the issue by just reaching Vanstraten nor alluded to definitive writing to decide the privilege of exchange. He didn't prompt an altering section. Besides, the Deloitte faculty substitute another rundown reminder and alteration timetable to the first 1997 workpapers without recording the modifications in those workpapers. 5. North Face’s supervisory groups were condemned for key bumbles that they made through the span of the company’s history. Do reviewers have an obligation to evaluate the nature of the key choices made by customer officials? Protect your answer. Reviewers don't have the duty to survey the nature of the key choices made by customer officials. Auditors’ obligation is to give a general assessment whether fiscal reports are decently given and in consistence GAAP. Evaluators will likewise assess the client’s inward control if the organization opens up to the world. Surveying the nature of executives’ choices is a piece of counseling administration rather than affirmation administration.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Chinese popular culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Chinese mainstream society - Essay Example Particularly in tremendously developing economies like China or India, school graduates are of urgent significance. This is on the grounds that school graduates are the wellspring of ability for the nations. Because of joblessness for some reasons, the pool of ability at the school level is lost and their gifts to guarantee supportable development over the timeframe go into the channel. In China, it is assessed that this year around 7 million understudies will drop from schools and colleges. These numbers are the greatest since 2012, when 6.8 million understudies passed higher school or colleges. Keeping this in see, joblessness rate in China will go over the present rate, for example 20%, as around 54% out of 7 million understudies would think that its hard to get an appropriate line of work (Chan, 2010). In this situation, where school graduates are as yet jobless, the Chinese government needs to step in and encourage those understudies. Greatest favorable position of joblessness t hat Chinese school graduates can get is that, they are furnished with assets by the administration so as to enable them to begin gaining. Be that as it may, then again, dominant part of the Chinese companies and organizations are more inclining towards outside ability than to confide in their own pool of ability. Accordingly, this pool of ability is turning into a waste and the school graduates’ way of life has additionally gone worse than average. The ideal case of anticipating this hopelessness is that, Chinese jobless alumni are compelled to live in little states, where every loft is loaded up with 8 to 9 school graduates. Regardless of living challenges these school graduates are confronting, another situation they are reveling into is crimes. By embracing an illegitimate way, these school graduates expect to get more cash-flow in a moderately less measure of time (Solinger, 1999). To meet their uses, these jobless school graduates significantly rely on the guide they get from the legislature. This guide empowers jobless school graduates to satisfy their uses for lodging, instruction, food and voyaging. In any case, because of expanding joblessness, the guide gave to the understudies is turning into a weight on national stores. Chinese government reports a large number of Yuan that are spent on the standardized savings of these jobless school graduates. Then again, other wellspring of salary for these jobless college alumni is through crimes, buy and sell of medications, connecting with into junk occupations which forestalls the ability to reach at the first rate corporate level where the can end up being progressively valuable. Regardless of whether they get a new line of work, it may be in the field for which they are not qualified or they don't have desire for. In this situation, they succumb to fatigue at work place and their exhibition levels are diminished. Besides, it causes serious discouragement and worry because of disappointment structure the activity. Jobless Peasant Laborers Peasant workers are those workers who work at an essential degree of country’s economy. These might incorporate ranchers and other independently employed essential level specialists. These laborers are considered just like the greatest casualty of joblessness. This is on the grounds that, these are the person who produce things of fundamental necessities and perform essential employments that are critical for the development of

Saturday, August 8, 2020

What E-Mobility Is All About

What E-Mobility Is All About If you look at the prevailing trends in industry nowadays, most of them have one common denominator: going green. The increasing awareness about saving the planet from various environmental threats has caused even the largest industries to take notice and take a stand so they can contribute to the initiative instead of making matters worse.The automotive industry has certainly been getting a lot of flak in recent decades for being one of the primary contributors to environmental degradation, particularly in air pollution. We have been seeing efforts from the automobile manufacturers in trying to address this issue, and one of their moves is to produce more environment-friendly vehicles. Electric cars are seen to be one of the best solutions, and this spurred the introduction of electric mobility â€" or e-mobility â€" technologies. © Shutterstock.com | Kaspars GrinvaldsIn this article, we will explore 1) what e-mobility is, 2) challenges faced by e-mobility, 3) success factors of e-mobility, 4) the ev-smart grid interoperability agreement, and 5) the future of e-mobility.WHAT IS E-MOBILITY?Electric mobility, or Electro Mobility, or E-Mobility for short, is not a new concept. In fact, e-mobility technologies had started taking root in the automotive industry as early as 15 or so years ago. Simply put, e-mobility refers to the development of electric-powered or electronic drive trains, and moving away from the traditional vehicle design that makes use of fossil fuels and oils. It encompasses fully electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Even vehicles that make use of hydrogen fuel are included in the classification.The main goal of e-mobility is to produce more environment-friendly and efficient vehicles that also happen to meet new regulatory requirements set by governments and other law-setting bodes.H istory of E-mobilityThe star of e-mobility is the electric car. Yes, it is not something that is seen only in the movies; electric cars do exist, and their popularity is increasing by the day.That isn’t to say, however, that electric cars had an easy time getting to where they are at the moment. As early as the middle of the 19th century, automotive companies have been hard at work at designing an electric-powered car, which they referred to as the car of the future. There were more misses than hits through the years, and there was also a time that the idea of an electric car was set aside in favor of other, easier-to-produce, vehicles.But it was not completely forgotten.The 20th century was plagued with events that repeatedly brought the idea of electric cars to the forefront once again. Wars took place, and there were global problems on oil supply. The oil crises definitely spurred many auto manufacturers to look for more available, cheaper and better alternatives, and electrici ty was one of them.The history of e-mobility started with the idea of electric cars. However, through the years, it has undergone several key changes, and the term now includes not only electric cars, but also other modes of transport that involve the utilization of electricity. Now, electro-mobility has come to refer to clean, efficient and environment-friendly electric vehicle transportation.The E-Mobility EcosystemThere are four segments present in the E-mobility ecosystem:1. Electric vehiclesThis mostly refers to the production of new E-mobility components, and the continuous marketing of the vehicles, along with maintenance and other value-added services. Thus, the provision of electric vehicles involves sub-segments such as sales and marketing, manufacturing, financing, maintenance and other services.2. InfrastructureElectric vehicles have to draw on infrastructure to work, and the components under this segment include charging station, maintenance, value-added services, billi ng, power generation, power distribution and storage, and space providers.One of the more prominent examples was the move undertaken by POD Point, a manufacturer of electric vehicle chargers. It was able to successfully close a deal with Nissan, where it offers a home charging station for every LEAF purchases. Another similar move was when it entered into a collaborative relationship with British Gas. British Gas provides the energy, and POD Point offers its installation as well as its maintenance services.3. E-Mobility ProvidersThis spotlight focuses on the designers of E-mobility technologies and manufacturers of e-vehicles that make use of those technologies. This means that it’s not just the manufacturers of e-vehicles that fall under this category. It also refers to those who provide e-vehicles to car-sharing fleets as well as car-rental operations.Forming strategic alliances and establishing a network are points that e-mobility providers should concern themselves with. Worki ng with businesses related to cars, such as car-sharing and car rental, is definitely a good idea. Providers of e-mobility services also have to look into integrating its mobility offerings so as to make their offerings more appealing to customers.4. RegulationsIn this segment, the active players are the goal-setting bodies, governments, and other organizations that set regulations and subsidies affecting E-mobility. As long as there are regulations and subsidies being raised, the economic appeal of e-mobility will remain high. In some countries, tax incentives and subsidies are given in order to attract the interest of buyers of electric cars and eventually increase their sales.Subsidies need not be in monetary form alone. In Oslo, Norway, and in some parts of the US legislation was made, setting specific road lanes as reserved for the use of electric vehicles. By taking this route, commuters are able to cut down their travel time by one hour. There are also free parking spaces spe cifically designated for electric vehicles. These are forms of other incentives that will attract potential vehicle owners to opt for electric vehicles instead.Benefits Provided by E-MobilityFrom an environmental standpoint, e-mobility is an excellent plan in answering the global clamor for de-carbonization. Hydrocarbons have been causing damage to the environment for the longest time, and one way to reduce their discharge is to look for carbon-less alternatives, and electricity is definitely one of the cleaner alternatives.The United States, the European Union and majority of the rest of the world are in agreement about e-mobility potentially contributing greatly to economic growth.E-mobility will help reduce the amount of energy required and utilized by the transportation sector.E-mobility challenges car makers and manufacturers to think outside the box. As the threat of competitors’ coming out with more efficient electric vehicles increase, they are also likely to put in more e ffort and resources into making vehicles that are better â€" more energy-efficient, lighter, and offer higher performance.E-mobility will create employment opportunities. The automotive industry will be more confident in the development of electric vehicles, and they will need talent and manpower to do it.Globalized standards and e-mobility technology will minimize barriers to trade, allowing for harmonious working relationships among manufacturers and among nations.The other noted benefits of e-mobility are broken down as follows:Increase of Vehicle Efficiency and Reduction of Operational Costs: Oil or fuel consumption of regular vehicles is, more often than not, quite excessive, and it does not help that they do not come cheap, either. The volatile oil market sees drastic increases in oil prices, which is a major problem in almost all oil-consuming countries all over the world.Compliance with Carbon Emission: National governments all over the world agree that emissions of carbon i n form of soot and oxides are a huge part of the global pollution problem. You would find almost every country setting its own carbon emission regulations in order to minimize, if not eliminate, the destructive carbon emissions, and some of the initiatives mentioned in the legislations involve the use of more environment-friendly vehicles.Reduction of Energy Needs: The design of recent e-mobility technologies are closely linked to the creation of smart power grids which are expected to be the source of the energy that will power the electric vehicles. Since the electric vehicle is more efficient, that means the smart power grid will also be more efficient. This means that the electric vehicle will not need a lot of energy in order for it to run, and so the grid will not have to “work too hard” in order to provide that energy.CHALLENGES FACED BY E-MOBILITYWhile e-mobility is gaining a lot of ground, it is not without its challenges. According to analysts, the main challenges that e-mobility is facing today include:High sticker pricesLet’s face it: electric cars and other vehicles do not come cheap. The high price tags are enough to turn off customers and make them look the other way: the cheaper non-electric vehicles. The high sticker prices are often attributed to the high research and development costs that automotive manufacturers incur in developing their e-mobility technologies and implementing them in the production of e-vehicles.Variations in battery performanceDifferent electric vehicles are designed with different performance, due to variations in the battery design. Some electric batteries perform better than others, and this has to be considered as well.Higher investment costE-mobility requires high investment and massive collaboration. It is not a one-man show; a single car manufacturing company cannot go at it alone, since they also have to invest on infrastructure, collaborate with other entities and even governments to make things happen.Cu stomer instructionIt takes a lot of time and effort to instruct the customer, or the market as a whole, about the concept of electric vehicles. From the point of view of some auto manufacturers, the resources they will have to spend in order to introduce the concept of e-mobility to the customers and educate them about it is too high, compared to the expected profits.SUCCESS FACTORS OF E-MOBILITYThere is no arguing that the road to full e-mobility on a global scale is still a very long one. But it is not completely impossible. In order for the campaign to succeed, collaborations and alliances will play a vital role. After all, e-mobility cannot succeed as a standalone value proposition. All four segments of the E-mobility ecosystem, which was discussed earlier, must interact and be closely involved with each other.Alliances with businesses within the same industry for purposes of sharing infrastructure: These days, you will see alliances developed between infrastructure providers an d electricity producers, primarily because of the reality that it takes a huge amount of investment to develop an E-mobility business and make it a success. In the near future, we might just see e-vehicle manufacturers also establishing partnership with these two, and that will definitely lead to better results on the E-mobility front.Integration with other mobility technologies: Car makers are always looking for and working towards that great leap in terms of vehicle manufacture, and electric vehicles are also on the forefront of their research and development efforts. The creation of platforms and modules is a continuous process for them, and efforts are mostly focused on the creation of platforms that support the integration of electric vehicles and conventional drive systems, as well as fuel cells and other range extenders.Partnership with various mobility-related businesses and organizations: Car makers are certainly extending their reach, connecting and partnering with vehicle service providers, not necessarily just manufacturers of vehicles and vehicle accessories.THE EV-SMART GRID INTEROPERABILITY AGREEMENTThe interest in e-mobility is certainly not something that popped up overnight, or over a decade. It has always been gaining a lot of interest, although it has risen significantly in recent years. The inception of EV-Smart Grid Interoperability Centers in the United States and Europe is one proof of how e-Mobility has become of global concern.These Centers are the results of an agreement between the United States Department of Energy’s very own Argonne national Laboratory and the Joint Research Center (JRC) of the European Commission to harmonize E-mobility. The EV-Smart Grid Interoperability agreement is essentially a cooperation between industry and government when it comes to the development and standardization of electric vehicles (EV), the applicable technologies and protocols. It also aims to bring in line the test procedures performed on the vehicles and their batteries to ensure compatibility with products manufactured and provided by global companies.This cooperation takes into account the limitations or challenges that e-mobility faces (as discussed earlier) and addressed them fully through various initiatives. For starters, the two organizations made special efforts to invest on enhancing the existing supply chain, especially with respect to batteries, power electronics and electric drives. Most notable, however, is how they zeroed in on infrastructures that are “EV-ready”. For example, they stress on the importance of having more than adequate residential infrastructure. Aside from making public charging available, another goal is to make use of smart connectivity in scenarios that involve utility business systems.This agreement also revolves on the concept of interoperability, which supports the idea of universal charging, meaning charging can be performed at any time â€" and anywhere â€" by any electric vehi cle and any supply equipment related to electric vehicles. The result will be standardized devices on a global scale â€" without compatibility issues, and without users having to jump through hoops or meet any complex requirements.Between the Europe’s JRC and US’ Argonne National Laboratory, the global e-mobility industry will have harmonized standards and test procedures and technologies that are mutually compatible.Both agencies are making headway with their respective efforts towards interoperability. JRC has been hard at work in the build-up of new EV laboratories and conducted immunity/emission tests, smart grid simulations and full exhaust gas analyses.For its part, the Argonne National Laboratory has helped in the development and “fine-tuning” of EV standards and codes. It has also developed a compact metrology system, designed to measure and consequently communicate charge energy. Another one of Argonne’s accomplishments in line with this partnership is the develop ment of test requirements, protocols and tests specifically for wireless charging systems.The EV-Smart Grid Interoperability agreement is not the only active e-mobility initiative being pursued currently. Within the European Union, action is taken towards the electrification of the transport system, as seen in the European Energy Union, a plan on ensuring that Europe has a “secure, affordable and climate-friendly energy”. In a bid to decarbonize the transport sector and break Europe’s dependency on oil, it has included in the plan several steps to shift to e-mobility. It is going to gradually transform the whole transport system, starting from the development of e-mobility infrastructure, such as charging stations and refueling stations. The target date for the implementation of legislation on this de-carbonization plan is in 2017.THE FUTURE OF E-MOBILITYAccording to analyses by experts, E-mobility is expected to undergo a massive boom in the coming years, growing into a US$ 3 90 billion market in 2020 globally.Harmonization efforts, which were demonstrated by the collaboration between Argonne and the JRC, are sure to gain more ground in the coming years, with more and more countries and economies getting in on the action. In fact, there are current discussions about involving China in the interoperability initiative. If the discussions push through positively, harmonization of standards will not only happen in the US and Europe but also China.Indeed, the road to full e-mobility is still quite long, and it requires a lot of patience from all parties involved. However, with full dedication and commitment by all parties, there is no doubt that we will all enjoy the benefits of e-mobility in the future.

Saturday, May 23, 2020

Essential Travel Tips for People with Pre-existing Conditions

â€Å"See the world. Its more fantastic than any dream made or paid for in factories, â€Å"quotes the famous author, Ray Bradbury, in his influential book Fahrenheit 451. However, if you are among the people who have pre-existing medical conditions, such as asthma and allergies, then you may have trepidations about travelling abroad. Although it’s only natural to fear for your safety, your condition should not stop you from pursuing your dreams of travelling the world. To help set your mind at ease and enjoy your travel abroad, read these essential travel tips for people with pre-existing medical conditions. Before Your Travel Your medical condition should not keep you from travelling abroad. All you need to know is learn and understand how your body reacts to certain food intake and environmental condition. Before your planned trip, make sure that your asthma or allergy is controlled. You also need to visit your physician and ask for advice to help you prepare a possible change of treatment that co-relate to your travel destination. Additionally, follow the schedule of your usual treatment even while you are travelling and ask your doctor for the DCI (common internal name) of the medicine that you are taking. By doing this, you will have an easier time to look for it in your travel destination, in case you need it. Furthermore, don’t forget to bring a first aid kit that contains your prescribed medicines (e.g., antihistamines, corticoids, and asthma sprays). IfShow MoreRelatedMedical Tourism in the International Market1783 Words   |  7 Pagesmedical services, patient-physician interactions, publicly financed medical care, and also the spread of healthcare consumerism (Turner, 2010). Medical tourist and managed care Uninsured in the United States In the year 2006, forty seven million people within the US didnt have health insurance coverage (Gould, 2008). In low-income areas with the U.S. labour force, over 75 % of workers reject health insurance coverage (Milstein and Smith, 2006). They are not able to pay for health insurance policyRead MoreRecruitment Process of Pia and Shaheen Air Lines9410 Words   |  38 Pagesthis document is provided for information only and does not constitute advice. Neither the consultant nor People In Aid accepts any responsibility for how you use the information and strongly recommends seeking suitable (legal) advice before implementing employment policy, as there may be specific legal implications in the countries in which you operate. Table of Contents Foreword by People In Aid ............................................................................... 3 Introduction toRead MoreHow Current Health and Safety Legislation, Policies and Procedures Are Implemented in Setting21540 Words   |  87 PagesStandards and requirements. Enforcement If necessary, Ofsted can take action against you if the National Standards and other requirements are not met. TIP It is a fineable offence to work as a childminder without being registered by Ofsted. DISQUALIFICATIONS Anyone wishing to become a registered childminder must meet the standards and conditions set out by Ofsted. There are certain factors that may disqualify you from becoming registered and if this is the case you will not be able to becomeRead MorePattern of Thesis11382 Words   |  46 PageseMatch: An Online Matching System of Missing and Found Persons through Mobile Application Utilizing Dataveillance Technique Submitted by: Submitted to: on July 27, 2011 2 Chapter 1 THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Even in ancient times, people have found ways to make their lives easier through technology. Centuries before, humans have created the foundation of modern technological advances by creating the simplest machines, such as the wheel and the ladder. Using human intelligence andRead MoreGraduate Writing Center: Writing Thesis and Dissertation Proposals7304 Words   |  30 Pagesthesis writing. 2. To help you understand the rhetorical situation of the thesis proposal and common elements of such proposals. 3. To introduce practical rhetorical and grammatical principles of writing effective proposals. 4. To provide you with tips for drafting and revising individual sections of the proposal. About this Workshop and the Graduate Writing Center: Please note that these workshops are designed to address general writing principles. As a result, you may not find information inRead MoreMakeup7605 Words   |  31 PagesCOVER 26 FIVE MINUTE MAKEOVER 27 Page 2 Next page http://www.sachacosmetics.com by Kamla Regrello INTRODUCTION Hi, I’m Kamla Regrello, Head Makeup Artist for Sacha Cosmetics. Since joining Sacha, I have had the opportunity to travel with my makeup team to several countries to work the international beauty pageants. I was the head makeup artist for the Miss Universe, Miss USA, the Miss Jamaica, the Miss Trinidad and Tobago and several other international pageants. This isRead Moretax notes15844 Words   |  64 Pagesother tests! Eg. On balance, BEHAVIOUR is consistent with residing in Aus for the period – to –. Ordinary resident test: Only taxed for the period for which they are a resident. DOMICILE TEST (only relevant if domicile is in Aus) – generally for people leaving S6(1)(a)(i) ITAA36: Australian resident includes a person whose domicile is in Australia unless Commissioner is satisfied that the taxpayer has a permanent place of abode overseas. Domicile(Aus citizen or PR): Domicile of origin: born inRead MoreDieting Makes People Fat Essay19490 Words   |  78 Pagesmotorcycle. I had travel from home early morning. On the way, my mother called me that where am I arrive now? I had to stop and talk on the phone. Then I put my cellphone in my pocket to keep. Suddenly I knew that my wallet had lost. Although it doesnt have nothing important but it have some money around 140 baht because an important things I kept in my pocket and put it in my suitcase. WHAT ARE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF SMOKING? Cause of Smoking There is not one specified reason for people to smoke. ThereRead MoreHr Practitioner Guide Essays17082 Words   |  69 Pagesis a process to identify and determine in detail the particular job duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job. Job Analysis is a process where judgments are made about data collected on a job. (Job Analysis Tips and FAQs http://www.job-analysis.net/G022.htm) The Job Analysis process identifies the tasks performed on the job and knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics needed to perform those tasks. One of the crucial parts of this processRead MorePractiotioners Guide Essay17083 Words   |  69 Pagesis a process to identify and determine in detail the particular job duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job. Job Analysis is a process where judgments are made about data collected on a job. (Job Analysis Tips and FAQs http://www.job-analysis.net/G022.htm) The Job Analysis process identifies the tasks performed on the job and knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal characteristics needed to perform those tasks. One of the crucial parts of this process

Tuesday, May 12, 2020

300 Movie - 2752 Words

300 Jonathan Hewitt ENG 225 Cicely Denean-Cobb October 2, 2012 The film I have chosen to do my critique on is Zack Snyder’s 300. 300 is a film about King Leonidas, the King of Sparta, and his 300 Spartan warriors who all stood up against the God-king Xerxes and his massive Persian army from annihilation. After watching the film very closely for my critique I believe there is a serious underlying theme that everyone has the right to be free and sometimes you have to stand up and make sacrifices to keep your freedom. Standing up for freedom is never an easy task as shown in 300 but, everyone deserves to be free. In discussing the storytelling, acting, cinematography, editing, sound, style and directing, the impact of society on the†¦show more content†¦I found four major internal conflicts present in the film: Leonidas’ unspoken love for his wife, Captain’s unspoken love for his son, Ephialtes’ desire to be needed and wanted, and Queen Gorgo’s struggle to determine how far she will go to help her husband . I believe the film is meant to be symbolic for freedom and the need for people’s sacrifice in the name of freedom. In the film there are 300 Spartans standing up to Xerxes and his, supposedly, millions of soldiers. The 300 not only willing put their life on the line they consider it an honor to fight and die for the freedom of their city and its people. 300 also has bit of irony in it, too. The 300 Spartans quite possibly could have held back Xerxes at Thermopylae if it had not been for Ephialtes. Ephialtes felt betrayed by Leonidas so, he informed the Persian command of a hidden trail that would allow them to flank the Spartans and ultimately lead to their defeat. The film is able to make the characters very relatable. There are plenty of close-ups and intense scores of music during important moments to help build emotion. These moments allow you to feel what the characters are feeling and help you to experience their internal struggles. Acting The main actors in 300 were: Gerard Butler as King Leonidas, Lena Headey as Queen Gorgo, Dominic West as Theron, David Wenham as Dilios, Vincent Regan as Captain, Michael Fassbender as Stelios, Tom Wisdom as Astinos, Andrew Pleavin as Daxos, Andrew Tiernan as Ephialtes,Show MoreRelatedFrank Millers 300 Movie Review827 Words   |  3 Pagesbringing the legend of the 300 to comic book form in 1998, which was so remarkable and breathtaking that it was adapted to film in the popular 2007 action flick, 300 – starring Gerard Butler. And, after seven long years, the battle with King Xerxes continues in the epic war continuation, 300: Rise of an Empire. Directed by Noam Murro and based on Frank Miller’s yet to be published story, Xerxes – 300: Rise of an Empire picks up right where its predecessor left off. The 300 Spartans have fallen atRead MoreFrank Millers 300 the Movie: From The Pages of a Comic Book to the Silver Screen1045 Words   |  5 PagesFrank Miller’s 300 the movie is probably the few adaptations of comic books to films that has managed to stay true to the original source and the success the movie 300 made globally is a testament of such, however in every successful film there is always the downsides of it especially if the original source is a comic book and therefore there is the expectations between the comic reader audience and the cinema audience. It is true that 300, though it has captured the concept of its graphic novelRead More300 the Movie Analysis645 Words   |  3 PagesThe movie is based upon a graphic novel by Frank Miller (of comic book fame). They are both based upon a one of the most famous battles in the Persian Wars (492 - 449 BC), The Battle of Thermopylae. The Battle of Thermopylae goes down in history for being one of the most heroic feats of bravery in any war. The Spartan King Leonidas led 300 Spartan warriors in a fight to block the Persian Army from passing into Greece through a two meter wide pass through the mountains of Thermopylae. The PersianRead MoreFilm Analysis Of 300 Movie1428 Words   |  6 PagesRichardson History 101 26 September 2017 300 Film Analysis The 300 is a spectacular movie designed to provide the viewer with a sense of excitement and anticipation. The movie is loosely based on past events with Sparta and their conflict with Persia, back in 480 BC. And while the movie is founded on a historical event, there are many historical inaccuracies throughout the film. These inaccuracies are created to add depth and new excitement to the movie, but also gives the viewer a false understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 300 The Battle Of Thermopylae 1560 Words   |  7 PagesIn Zack Snyder’s 300, the battle of Thermopylae, the life of the Spartans and the glory of war comes to life on the big screen for all audiences worldwide. The movie, 300, released in 2006 is based on the graphic novel written by Frank Miller, 300. The movie focuses on the use of the Classical past to portray everything from the upbringing of a Spartan to the bravery of King Leonidas and the 300 Spartans on the battle fields of Thermopylae against the mighty Persians. Unlike most Hollywood moviesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 300 By Frank Miller1270 Words   |  6 Pages Hollywood is not known for producing films which are necessarily historically accurate, and the film 300 produced by Zack Snyder continues this trend. Even though all historical inaccuracies in the film were intentional, the film better depicts the novel â€Å"300†, written by Frank Miller, than history itself. The reason people today know anything about the battle between the Persians and Spartans is due to an ancient Greek historian named Herodotus. His documentation of the war can be found in hisRead MoreReal Sparta VS Movie 300 Essay1325 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Joshua Paul Mr. Zlotin Global History And Geography I 14 January 2014 Real Sparta Vs. 300 Sparta â€Å"THIS IS SPARTA†, a famous quote from the Hollywood movie 300 (2006), is this movie by Zack Snyder true to what really happen? Sparta was a city-state in south west of Ancient Greece with a strict set of eugenics. Sparta was one of the two biggest and strongest city-states and is considered to have the strongest Army of its time. Persia was the super power of its time, it had expanding bordersRead MoreMovie Analysis : V For Vendetta2610 Words   |  11 Pagesof entertainment. Zack Snyder s adaptation of the graphic novel 300, and James McTeigue s adaptation of V for Vendetta are no exceptions to criticisms of historical accuracy. However, while Zack Snyder s 300 is an attempt to recreate history, and does so in a dramatic, stylized, exaggerated, and biased fashion, V for Vendetta echoes history and uses it as a way to enhance the story. Firstly, it is important to note that both 300 and V for Vendetta are adaptations of graphic novels. Thus, anyRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie 300 By Frank Miller And Lynn Varley925 Words   |  4 Pages The movie 300 is about King Leonidas of Sparta and a force of 300 men fighting against the Persians at Thermopylae in 480 B.C. (300) This movie is based on the novel â€Å"300† written by Frank Miller and Lynn Varley. (Frank Miller 300 Movie vs. 300 Spartans History - Battle of Thermopylae) But, how much of the movie corresponds to what it was really like in 480 B.C. with the battle in Thermopylae. According to historians, Leonidas is deliberated as one of the renowned potentates of Sparta, whoRead MoreEssay on Visually Appealing Films: 300, Rise of an Empire645 Words   |  3 Pages300, Rise of an Empire Honestly, the film looks visually appealing. The sequel hasn’t lost sight of what makes this franchise great, so it just enhances the visuals by making it sharper and the camera transitions smoother. But the story isn’t nearly as captivating. The film centers on Themistocles and Artemisia I of Caria, as well as Xerxes I of Persia. The Battle of Artemisia was a naval engagement, at the same time with the battle of Thermopylae, and was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

One of the reasons the author must have written the book Free Essays

One of the themes of the book is that outcome of the war was not determined by technology nor tactics. Victory in the South Pacific absolutely depended on human judgment and will. This is the tool that drives home the reality of the battle. We will write a custom essay sample on One of the reasons the author must have written the book or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the reasons the author must have written the book is to show just how much the human will and judgment can achieve. This makes the book the more relevant today because we live in a world that gravitates around Technology. We have slowly turned from Master to Slave and Sea of Thunder is a good way to show its readers that indeed the human being is still capable of achieving whatever is desired. The book is bound in the era of the early 1930s were the industrial revolution had taken off but its impacts had not fully been experienced around the whole world. This is one of the reasons why they battle was mainly depended on Human will power and judgment. It was also the era of the Pacific War and the book centers on its progression and centers on the Battle of the Leyte Gulf One of the subtopics could be inner conflict on the part of the officers especially the Japanese. They had dived loyalties to the Throne, the IJN and the fellow soldiers under their command. Another subtopic is Evans breaking all the Racial Barriers by gaining entrance into the Naval Academy. This is because commander Evans was a Cherokee Indian and it was absolutely rare of some one of Evans heritage to be accepted into the U.S Naval Academy. However according to Hal M. Friedman one of the reviewers of Thomas work, â€Å"Thomas mentions these things but without developing them. One would like to know more about factors in Evans’s family background that helped him in his education, motivated him to join the Navy, and enabled him to overcome the prejudices in the fleet to obtain an Academy appointment. Again, these are all mentioned by Thomas but not in as thorough a manner as the rarity of the accomplishments requires.† This could possibly be one of the shortcomings of the book. Another possible subtopic could be Kuritas decision not to sacrifice thousands of lives. Had he not made this choice then the Americans would totally have been destroyed. This gives us a point to ponder about. Why did he do it? The author supports his theme/thesis firstly by making it known that these men had inner conflicts that would have deterred them from achieving their goal. This is actually where the fact of will power comes in because had it not been due to this self convincing then they would have failed in their missions by simply giving up The other support for the theme is that without any support, Sprague’s forces put a shockingly fierce fight   in which Evans   strongly featured. This shows the human body being put to the test of time and it cleverly brings out the fact about human judgment for the Sprague’s could simply have seen their enemies then decide to run for cover. But on the contrary they perceived the situation in a different perspective (Judgment) then decided to give them the Japanese a very hard battle. Moving away from the dimension of the themes purpose in the winning of the battle, we realize that again it was will power that enabled the Japanese endure fifty long hours in shark infested waters of the ocean after their ship sunk.   It took a lot of self will to choose to hold on in this situation for many a people would have simply given up. Does the author successfully support his theme? Well according to these three examples and other numerous ones in the book I think he does. He just does not implicitly express his theme but he goes right ahead and gives evidence to emphasize his theme How to cite One of the reasons the author must have written the book, Papers

Saturday, May 2, 2020

Literature Essay Thesis Example For Students

Literature Essay Thesis LiteratureIn life as in literature people have certain struggles. In the novels and short stories we read this year there are several example of inner struggles, within the characters. The basic type of struggles known to people is Man Vs Man, Man Vs Nature and Man Vs Himself, otherwise known as inner struggle. It is when you have within yourself problems, concerns or questions that you must decide. They often decide to keep its feeling and emotion to themselves. Like the famous Ghandi once said, It was confrontation out of real humanity which marks his true stature and which makes his struggles and glimpses of truth of enduring significance. As a man of his time who asked the deepest questions, even, though he could not answer them, become a man for all times and all places. All struggles can be solved even though solving it made cause fatal deaths like in the play Romeo and Juliet. Often short stories and novels contains some sort of inner struggle, in order to make the plot more interesting. In real life inner struggles happen frequently from the littlest things such as thinking how to get some money in order to get the certain things you want or probably one of the most dangerous inner struggle which is love, always keep your mind confused or frustrated. Sometimes inner struggles cause modern day people to commit suicide. People like Kurt Cobain has died within the years because of his inner struggle. We see that in the play Romeo and Juliet it contains continuos inner struggles. Romeos character undergoes several changes in the course of the plays action. At first he is pictured as a typical youth smitten by love. His fathers description of him is in effect a description of the Petrarchan lover: Many a morning hath he there been seen, With tears augmenting the fresh mornings dew Adding to clouds more clouds with his deep sighs; .. Away from light steals home my heavy son, And private in his chamber pens himself, Shuts up his windows, locks fair daylight out And makes himself an artificial night I, I, 138-47Romeos inner struggle begins with him falling in love with Juliet. Their two families, the Capulets and the Montegue hated each other and will not allow their children to socialize. Romeo must decide if he should go against their wishes and see her. Mercutios death begins another inner struggle in Romeos life. Mercutios death leads to Romeos killing of Tybalt. That killing lead to Romeos banishment. He wants to see Juliet but he is scared that hell get caught and thrown to Jail. Once again he faces new inner struggles, but the biggest struggle of all is when he find out that Juliet, his future, is dead, and he has to decide on whether he should stay alive or die to see her. Juliets character, like Romeos undergoes a development during the play. There is, at the beginning of the play, a fond attachment between Juliet and the Nurse. For example, she calls her, O honey nurse and good sweet nurse. She takes her into complete confiden ce. But as the play continues and Juliet becomes a new person, now independent except for the love that binds her to her husband, She chooses action that defy the Nurse and her parents. He detachment from the Nurses at first caused by the old womens double-talk in coveying the news of Tybalts death. Juliet asks her, What devil art thou that dost torment me thus? Later, after the Nurse advises her to marry Paris, Juliet is fully disillusioned and decides to break their bond of confidence. Ancient damnation. O most wicked fiend! she screams at the Nurse: Go, counselor; Thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain III, v, 237-42 In her first scenes, Juliet was submission to her parents wishes: Ill look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. I, iii, 97-99 Later, however, Juliet goes against her parents wishes; In fact, she resists spiritedly When informed by her mother that she is to marry Paris: Now, by S aint Peters Church and Peter too, He shall not make me there a joyful bride. I wonder at this haste; that I must wed Ere he, that should be husband, comes to woo. ..III, v, 117-20 She is also torn between the conflicting emotions of love for her new husband and concern over her cousins death: Shall I speak ill of him that is my husband? Ah, poor my lord, what tongue shall smooth thy name, When I, thy three-hour wife, have mangled it? But, wherefore, villain, didst thou kill my cousin? III, ii, 97-100 Later on her most important inner struggle is a step which she fears may result in her own death: My dismal scene I needs must act alone. Come, vail. What if this mixture does not work at all? . What if it be a poison, which the Friar Subtly hath ministered to have me dead, Lest in this marriage he should be dishonored, Because he married me before to Romeo? How if, when I am laid into the tomb, I wake before the time that Romeo Come to redeem me? Theres a fearful point! IV, iii, 19-33 In short, Juliet develops from a heroine of light comedy to a heroine of tragedy. We know the Friar as a blessed man. The Friar is a man of God, concerned with the problems of good and evil. When Romeo asks the Friar to unite him and Juliet in marriage, the Friar undertakes the ceremony in the hope that the marriage will dissolved the feud between the oppose houses. For this alliance may so happy prove to turn your households rancor to pure love II, iii, 91-92 After he learns of Capulets plan to have Juliet marry Paris, the Friar attempts to save the lovers marriages with a magic potion. The Friar is a respected and beloved counselor. Romeo calls him my friend professed. Capulet welcome his daughters changed attitude toward Paris and applauds the Friar from whom Juliet has just come. So to me the Friar had the most difficult inner struggle because the lives of the children with basically in his hand. The end things were a mess. Romeo and Juliet died and the families finally realize their stupidity and decide to end this feud. In the Man Who Knew How by Dorothy L. Sayer. The man Pender seems to have an inner struggle, which is he wants to solve a crime and struggles with how to do it. It was on a Train trip, Pender meets a man who claims to know how to commit a foolproof murder. He refers to a nonexistent chemical, and claims that once taken, the chemical can become lethal when the victim takes a hot bath. When a man in Penders neighborhood dies in his bathtub. Pender encounters the gentleman from the train at the scene of the crime and invites the man home for a drink. He becomes obsessed with the man and kills him with a final blow. Only later he found out they were the same person famous for pulling practical jokes. In The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Helen stoners struggle is the fear of dying in the same way as her sister did. Her sister and she had been living with her stepfather, Dr. Roylott. Two years ago, shortly before her marriage, Julia died mysteriously. She emerged from her room screaming about a speckled band, and died shortly afterward. Helen, because of construction in her room, is, now forced to sleep in her sisters room and she hearing the sounds her sister heard before she died, With the help of Holmes and Watson it was soon discovered that the ventilator had snakes coming down the bell rope. Holmes hit it with his cane and sends it back up the bell rope, through the vent. It retreats, bites and kills Roylott. Helen is saved. The Most dangerous Game by Richard Connell. Sanger Rainsford falls from a yacht in the Caribbean and swims to Ship-Trap Island. There he encounters General Zaroff in his magnificent chateau. Zaroff has grown bored with hunting unreasoning animals and tells Rainsford: over dinner that he now hunts men. Rainsford is soon the quarry. Rainsford inner struggle is to stay alive, but with quick thinking and through a series of clever tricks, he manages to outwit Zaroff at his own game. .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .postImageUrl , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:hover , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:visited , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:active { border:0!important; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:active , .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u010658a17ecd16ee20cbdb1b261e890d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Women Rights Essay Work CitedBrown, Judith M. Gandhi. Yau U. press New Haven, 1989Connell, Richard The Most Dangerous Game, BrandtBrandt New York, 1924Sayer. Dorothy L., The Men Who Knew How Hangerman Holiday, 1961Doyle, Arthur Conan, The Speckled Band Harper Row New York, 1892Shakespeare, William. Romeo and Juliet, 1594-1596.

Sunday, March 22, 2020

Plastic Bags - Good or Evil free essay sample

You should be disgusted by your actions, by what you’re throwing, by what you’re using. Plastic bags are the reason why New Zealand will soon not be referred to as the clean, green and environmentally friendly country. Do you know how many plastic bags you consumed after 3 trips to the supermarket? I’ll tell you†¦On average you collect 60 bags. May I ask you, what are you going to do with all these bags? You’re probably thinking†¦ I’m just using plastic bags what’s the big deal, what’s the problem. Today I’ll educate you on why not to use plastic bags, why marine life is in danger and what you can do to help the environment. Firstly, what is the problem in using plastic bags? Plastic bags are made from petroleum, which is a non-renewable resource. This makes every plastic bag you throw away, a WASTE. We will write a custom essay sample on Plastic Bags Good or Evil? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The plastic bags aren’t the only thing you’re wasting, you’re wasting the resources it is made from. Can’t plastic bags be burned down? They can be burned down, emitting lots of toxic gases in the atmosphere leading to air pollution. Therefore burning plastic bags isn’t safe. Plastic bags are photodegradable. What is photodegradable? When something is photodegrading it means it is being broken down into smaller pieces with the help of sunlight. This process can take 500 years for only 1 plastic bag to be broken down. Did you know New Zealanders use around three million plastic bags a day and this leads to 1 billion bags each year! Hence I strongly suggest plastic bags aren’t the most environmentally friendly way of carrying objects. In other words plastic bags should be banned in New Zealand. Secondly, Marine life suffers because of what you do! You litter, waste and don’t take responsibility of your actions. When the process of photodegrading takes place the plastic is broken down. Subsequently the small pieces now pollute the soil, lakes and rivers. Marine life gets poisoned because they choke on the little bits of plastic as they are very gullible. They mistake the plastic as food and sprint to eat it that causes deaths. When a plastic bag is littered it ends up in water, when this happens marine life gets caught in the bag and ends up in suffocation and DEATH ! Now do you think the use of plastic bags should be banned? Thirdly, what can you do to help the environment and marine life? Whenever you go anywhere for shopping always carry eco-friendly bags. When you go to the supermarket and an employee asks you, â€Å"Hello sir, good morning madam, would you like me to put your shopping in plastic bags? † what can you say†¦. NO THANKS, we’ve got eco-friendly bags! The next thing that you can do is try not to break the handles of your previous plastic bags, instead use the same plastic bags over and over again. Lastly, whenever you throw away a plastic bag think of the marine life that die because of your actions, think about the environment that gets polluted because of your ignorance on the use of plastics. Don’t forget to use eco-friendly bags wherever you go and say NO to plastic bags. I hope I have convinced you in thinking the way I think in taking care about the environment and marine life. I hope you agree that we should ban the use of plastic bags in New Zealand!

Thursday, March 5, 2020

Fetal Tissue essays

Fetal Tissue essays Fetal tissue research is a controversial issue in the United States. Both sides of the argument have found its way into the political arena; where it has recently become a campaign issue for the up coming presidential election. Fetal tissue research was banned during the 1980s, but thankfully in the early 1990s research for this potentially life saving research was reinstated. The argument for continued fetal tissue research is a strong one. Fetal tissue is from a human embryo in the very early stages of development. This tissue is so useful because the tissue at this stage of human development can form any tissue in the human body. These particular tissues are very useful to scientist trying to cure many neurological diseases and neurological conditions such as spaniel cord injures. Fetal tissue can also form cell for every structure in the human body. This can be used to grow organs for transplant patations, bone a connective tissue for arthritis suffers, and to replace nerve tissue through out the human body. Fetal tissue can be grown out side the human body; furthermore, at the stage of development fetal tissue is harvested no development has accrued beyond a cluster of cells; therefore, no cognatative ability is present. Although, fetal tissue can be harvested from aborted fetuses the future of fetal tissue research is through laboratory grow n fetal tissue. The issue of fetal tissue research raises many ethical questions in the United States. Many people believe no unborn human should be sacrificed no matter how promising fetal tissue research may seem to be. Unborn children deserve the same rights as any other citizen of this country. To the scientists involved on this highly immoral research, these tissues are just that, tissue, what they are forgetting is those cells have the ability to grow into a living breathing human being. Also, no fully developed human organ has ever been grown using ...

Tuesday, February 18, 2020

Pursuing a Career in Real Estates Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Pursuing a Career in Real Estates - Essay Example Title companies’ main work is to make smooth the exchange of properties between the concerned parties, doing all the work for the buyer who can be a citizen or a foreigner (Tyson and Griswold 62). Unlike the U.S., other countries have rules in regards to what property foreigners can buy. In Mexico, for example, foreigners are not allowed to own property within 50 km of the coast or 100 km from the borders unless they have a Mexican trust or Mexican corporation title. In South Asian countries like Thailand, foreigners cannot own land, but properties in it can be purchased followed by land acquisition under a lease option of 30 years. However, this land acquisition is not assured because the government still insists that land ownership by foreigners is illegal. In the Philippines real estate development is one of the fastest growing businesses (Edwards 78). This paper discusses real estate as a possible business venture and the qualities of a successful real estate agent. THE RE AL ESTATE BUSINESS SECTOR As the world economies evolve, individuals and organizations have seen the need to make smart investment choices. In his book, on investing in real estate, Eldred asks, ‘What types of markets offer the best opportunities for future profits? What type of markets alleviates risks?’ (20). Questions like these are the ones that an individual asks when they wish to invest. The answer to the questions lies in the real estate industry. Real estate development has had a positive impact on economies of nations over the years. This is because land is so much a limited resource that even reclaiming it from the seas is not a sustainable option. Thus, a smart investor invests and owns part of it so as to have a bargaining chip. Furthermore, its value rarely goes down, and even if it does it does not take long for its value to shoot once again. Fields in the Real Estate Business. Private property ownership, has led to the development and growth of real estat e to a significant business sector, also called commercial real estate. In reality, real estate properties are always expensive thus; they require a significant amount of investment. In addition, each piece of land has unique characteristics, which has lead to development of different fields in the industry with specialists that evaluate the real estate and facilitate the transactions. Businesses in real estate include Appraisals, where a professional determines the value of the property (Edwards 78). Second is the brokerage, where a broker is paid a fee to facilitate the transaction between the two parties. Third is development, which involves land improvement for use via replacing or adding buildings. Fourth is net leasing, which ensures tenants pay rent plus the additional expenses that are supposed to be paid by the landlord. Fifth is property management, which involves managing a property on behalf of the owner. Sixth is real estate marketing and it entails managing the sales a spect of the property. Seven is real estate investing, which entails management of the investment in the real estate. Eight is the relocation services, and as the name suggests, involves relocating business or people to different countries or regions. Lastly is the corporate real estate, which deals with management of a corporation’

Monday, February 3, 2020

Business diversification of a confectionary food and beverage business Essay

Business diversification of a confectionary food and beverage business of United Kingdom - Essay Example This report assesses the trends and pattern of international trade between these two countries especially trades and investment in the beverage industry. Implication of the international institutions on its initial entry into Indian market will be analysed. Finally, this report will recommend whether and how the company can diversify its business into Indian market. Introduction Globalization has stimulated many successful firms in all many countries for diversification of their business into foreign market. It allows two different ways for international business expansion for these successful companies in their domestic countries. One is trade and another foreign direct investment. These factors have influenced one UK based Food and Beverage Company named Crazy Food Private Limited to decide start its international diversification. The company has decided to diversity into a developing country i.e. India. The company has successful portfolio that consist of processed food, ready to eat food, snacks foods as confectionary items and soft and energy drinks as beverage items. It has well developed two popular brands in UK market, Crazy Bite and Crazy Cola. The company wants to launch these two popular brands in India and it has noticed this confectionary market in India to be growing more in next five years. So, this report will provide a detailed investment analysis for this company to assess the viability of its international business diversification into Indian market. Answer a) National business system India is a developing country having a growing economy that is 12th largest economy in the world by nominal value of gross domestic product. The country has approximately more than 17% of world population among which more than 200 millions can be segmented as high consumption oriented urban people. This segment of people is having above average income level and higher purchasing power. This is one of the major strengths of the country for attracting foreign busi ness institutions to enter into Indian market. According an analysis by World Bank, India is 4rth largest country in the world in terms of overall consumption and purchasing power of the total population of the country. 40 percent of this 200 million people are youth (IFC, n.d.). Therefore, growing purchasing and consumption trend of this large segment of people is the key attraction of this company in terms of potential customer base as youth are usually the most potential target customer for any confectionary food and beverage producer. Apart from the huge customer base, next important key resources of the country has is sufficient youth labour and expertise. This is one of the most important recourses of the country which has become the main attraction of the foreign companies especially companies from developed countries like Crazy Food. The company can get sufficient labour in comparatively very low wage rate as compared to UK market rate due to the higher difference of currenc ies of these two countries. As a food and beverage company, Crazy Food needs huge work force for production and packaging, bottling etc. National political environment of India is stable as current government and only one major opponent do not have many conflicts that can affect any areas of business national

Sunday, January 26, 2020

A Look At Technical Education In Bangladesh

A Look At Technical Education In Bangladesh The Peoples Republic of Bangladesh is a country in South Asia which became independent in 1971 after a glorious nine months of liberation war with Pakistan Army who killed three millions Bangalees. Bangladesh literally means The Country of Bengal. Lying north of the Bay of Bengal, on land it borders India and Myanmar, and it is a close neighbor to China, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan. Bangladesh is surrounded by India in The West, North and North-East and Myanmar to the South-East. It is situated between 20034 and 26038 North Latitude and 88001 and 92041 East Longitude. It has an area of 147,570 sq. km. and a population of nearly 140 million. It has a population density of 948 persons per sq. km., which is the highest in world. As the name The Country of Bengal suggests that Bangladesh is an ethnically homogeneous country. Among the different ethnic groups Bengalis 98Â  % and the remainder are mostly, Santhals, Chakmas, Garos, Biharis, Oraons and Mundas. Variations in Bengali culture and language do exist of course. The estimate of religious makeup from the 2001 census reported that the population was 89.58% Muslim, 9.34% Hindu, 0.62% Buddhist, 0.31% Christian and 0.15% Animist. With the highest density of population in the world and slow economic progress, the people of this country are trapped in the vicious cycle of poverty. Over 50% of the people who live below the poverty line are not able to provide for their basic needs and amenities. With 140 million people, Bangladesh is the eighth largest in the world in population. It is also one of the most densely populated countries and endowed with limited natural resources. Bangladesh has to rely, more than most developing countries, on its human resources for progress and prosperity. Educational Structure of Bangladesh The present education system of Bangladesh may be broadly divided into three major stages, viz. general education, madrasha education and technical education. Here I am discussing about technical education in Bangladesh. Technical Vocational Education For the students whose interests are not strictly academic may find technical-vocational programmes more interesting and more valuable for their future. Government tries to ensure that the course curriculum should be relevant to students interest and aspirations while at the same time it should address the needs of the job market. a. Primary level. There is no technical-vocational institution in primary level of education. Ebtedayee in the first level (Primary level) of madrasah education has no scope for technical-vocational education. Accordingly, technical vocational education in Bangladesh is designed in three phases under two major levels of secondary and tertiary level of education. b. Secondary level. Vocational courses starts from secondary level. The certificate courses prepare skilled workers in different vocations starting from ninth grade after completion of three years of schooling in secondary school. At this level the courses are diversified in different vocations spread over 1 to 2 years duration. Recently, 2 years duration vocational courses have been introduced at the higher secondary level in government managed vocational training institute (renamed as Technical School College). Diploma courses prepare the diploma engineers at the polytechnic institutes. This course spread over 4 years duration after passing the secondary school certification examination. There is a technical education board called Bangladesh Technical Education Board (BTEB), which grants affiliation to the technical institutes. It conducts examinations of the students completing different courses in different vocational and technical education, and awards certificates to the succe ssful candidates. TVET System in Bangladesh: An Evaluation Strengths Entrance is reasonably competitive at all levels of formal skill training. Well-developed exit standards exist, i.e., skill testing and certification is well developed and managed. The Technical Education Board (TEB) is small, self-supporting and a relatively effective organization for developing curricula and trade tests. Good models exist for skill training by non-government institutions (including UCEP and MAWTS). There are also good models of industry involvement in providing child labor not only with basic education, but also with vocational training through non-government institutions, including both UCEP and a similar but cheaper model, Suravi. TTCs and VTIs have become more flexible in their non-regular programs by offering short term training programs on a cost-recovery basis in the afternoon and evenings to those who have completed their formal schooling. Several comparatively good quality public training institutions exist, including some of the TTCs under the Ministry of Labor and Manpower, The Surveyors Training Institute under the Ministry of Education and some of the rural training centers of the Ministry of Youth. Weaknesses The overall impact of the formal TVET system within Bangladesh is minimal. The output of technical/vocational education at the certificate level amounts to only 1.8 percent of the graduates at SSC level, and the output of diploma technicians is only 1.4 percent of the output of HSC holders. Moreover, formal training is miniscule in relation to the informal ways the people actually become skilled. The outputs of the formal system account for only a minute fraction of the occupational skills acquired each year. Moreover, relatively few of the graduates of formal VTIs enter local employment, at least in trades. TVET has a poor record in terms of placement of graduates in employment, including only about 60 to 65 percent for TTCs and about 40 percent for VTIs. Unemployment is also common among graduates of polytechnics. Those who do not get jobs are often employed overseas as unskilled labor in jobs that do not require their specific training. Those who do not find jobs often seek furthe r studies at higher levels if they are eligible. The public system is not contemplated by a widespread or vigorous system of non-government vocational training (non-government institutions and proprietary institutions). External Efficiency The main problem is lack of sufficient linkages with employers and the labor market. Employers typically do not participate in determining content of training programs. Courses tend to be offered in response to social demands not based on labor market surveys and analysis. Labor market information is not collected systematically. Employers complain that the government is unable to change curricula quickly (i.e., introduce new courses, expand those in demand and reduce or close those for which demand has slackened) to keep up with technological changes in enterprises (TEB, for example, updates curricula once every five years). Polytechnics, in particular, were slow to integrate computers and instrumentation as integral parts of training in all fields. The clientele of formal vocational training (VTIs and TTCs) tends to be inappropriate. Those with grade 8 qualifications often aspire to further education and white-collar occupations; many have little or no intention of entering the job market and practicing the trade skills acquired. Training institutions lack linkages with local labor market surrounding the institution. This is caused by excessive centralization and rigidity in the system. The heads of training institutions must follow uniform training programs and cannot alter curricula to meet local circumstances. Financial controls are also inflexible and institutional managers cannot give incentives and rewards for good teacher performance. In short, there is a lack of delegation of authority to the heads of training centers. Training institutions do not carry out occupational analysis of the skills in demand in the local area. Training is rarely provided for upgrading those already employed in occupations, including skills in the non formal sector. Few girls are being provided the opportunity to learn skills needed for formal sector employment; reasons include lack of hostels and secure transport, as well as traditionally low demand by employers for female workers. Women in the labor market have few places where they can receive training for raising their incomes through productive activities. Underprivileged youth tend to be screened out of the education system before qualifying for entry into vocational training. Stipends in technical and vocational education are provided on the basis of merit rather than need. Internal Efficiency Training is virtually free and heavily subsidized. Most students receive stipends and many receive subsidized hostel accommodation which adds to the cost per student of training. Substantial resources are wasted in technical and vocational training at present, even though the system is underfunded. Student teacher ratios are only about 10 to 12:1. Training courses focus on certification and last longer than strictly necessary for occupational purposes. Over centralized administration makes it difficult for institute directors to economize on resources. However, recent introduction of the SSC and basic trades programs for students in TTCs/VTIs has led to increase in the internal efficiency of institutions. Underutilization of physical capacity is no longer a problem, and completion rates are better than they were easily in the 1990s. Still, the operating costs of vocational training are high, probably in the order of $300/student per year (24 times the cost of a student in primary ed ucation). Effectiveness Low quality is reflected in relatively low pass rates for many vocational and technical training institutions. About one-third of those who finish technical-vocational courses fail to pass the final examinations. Several factors account for the poor results. The managers and instructors of training institutions lack incentives for good quality teaching. Over centralized control means school directors take few initiatives. Instructors lack accountability, as evidenced by poor attendance rates. Most instructors have not had industrial experience in the skills they are paid to teach. Funds are lacking for in-service training of teachers or industrial attachments. There are few promotions possibilities to provide incentives to staff. Many instructors have occupied the same positions for decades without any opportunities for updating or enrichment. Dead wood tends to accumulate among teaching staff with few, if any, opportunities for recycling. In theory, 60 percent of the time is devoted to the acquisition of practical skills, but in practice it is much less. Most VTIs, polytechnics, and specialized degree programs suffer from outdated, obsolete, and worn out equipment. No budgets are provided for maintenance of equipment, and little for consumable supplies. The share of total revenue spending allocated to TVET declined by about 17 percent, from 2.4 percent in 1990/91 to 2.0 percent in 1996/97. It declined further to 1.5 percent in 1997/98. Capital investment in TVET virtually dried up in the 1990s. Within the institutions students receive group, rather than individual, training. Lesson plans and job sheets are rarely used in the training. Institutions, consequently, cannot properly impart the intended practical training. At the diploma level, intended internships for students at the end of their studies are often not implemented. As a result, polytechnic graduates have not acquired practical shop floor skills. The outcomes are that most graduates of vocational and technical programs are not skilled, and few go into appropriate occupations. Government Plans and Policies No national policy exist on the long term development of occupation training, but two recent documents, the Fifth Five Year Plan and the proposed National Education Policy, point to directions of intended changes. The Fifth Plan calls for enrollments in technical and vocational education to be increased from 3 percent at present to about 20 percent of the total at secondary level. Accordingly, the plan emphasizes expansion of the number and capacity of training institutions in line with emerging technologies. Specifically, the government plans to build dozens of new polytechnic institutes, VTIs and TTCs. In addition, it intends to establish other textile and leather degree colleges, a technical teachers college, and a vocational teacher training institute. By 2002, enrollments are projected to increase from 4,500 students in polytechnic institutes to 20,000; from 2,600 in other technical and vocational institutes to 44,000; and from 12,800 in basic trade training to 30,000. The Fifth Plan also calls for diversification of course offerings in line with emerging technologies. Private involvement is to be encouraged in the delivery of technical vocational education. In addition, the Plan proposes creation of an adequate base for labor market analysis and research on TVET, strengthening staff development programs, and forging closer links between training institutions and local economies. The draft National Education Policy, which was prepared without consideration of fiscal constraints on the recommendations, calls for the major portion of the education budget to be shifted towards TVET. Under the policy, all secondary schools would have vocational streams; NFE would be provided for all school dropouts at existing training institutions after hours, and short courses would be introduced for those particularly technicians in the job market. The structure of diploma training would be extended by six months and the internship by three months. A credit system of student accounting would be introduced to facilitate progression of graduates to the next higher level. Individuals and private enterprises would be expected to share the costs of training, although it is not explained how this would be accomplished. In service training for teachers would be provided systematically. Finally, an overall industrial advisory council would be established to coordinate service offeri ngs among the many government and non-government providers. The Fifth Plan and the proposed National Education Policy touch on many of the critical issues in TVET. Positive features include explicit reference to the need for enterprise linkages at the central and institution levels; emphasis on training provision for new clientele, including upgrading and out-of-school youth; diversification of programs, including training in entrepreneurship; and encouragement of private involvement and beneficiary financing by students and employers. These are important priorities. The next step is to plan to accomplish them. The main weakness of the plan and policy are their emphasis on expansion and greater public financing of TVET. Without needed reforms, plans for across-the-board expansion risk imposing existing rigidities on even larger numbers of trainees. Such expansion would dilute the capacity of the public sector to service adequately the existing institutions and may exacerbate unemployment among the graduates. Apparently no demand studies were done as a basis for selecting the new fields of study. Where needed, expansion could be accomplished at lower cost by expanding existing institutions (e.g., the textile and leather institutes) rather than creating separate new facilities. This underscores the impression that expansion is being sought for political rather than economic reasons. As stated in the 1995 ADB review, IT is possible to conclude that the present intake and training programs are more admissions-oriented than based on real industrial demand. Priority Issues Among all the problems in the system of TVET, four overlapping issues stand out as the most important. They are discussed in sequence below: Lack of linkages with the job market. The TVET system tends to be disconnected from the job market both formal and informal employment. Employers do not participate in setting training policies. Public training institutions do not have mechanisms for consultation with employers, and no incentives are given to managers or instructors to establish them. Moreover, the centralized system of training in which curricula, staff, and resources are all controlled from Dhaka also limits the possibilities of capitalizing on local responsibilities and initiatives. When there are not enough jobs for graduates, programs should be geared more to gainful work in the informal sector, e.g., livelihood skills, entrepreneurship, and self-employment. In sum, a key objective for TVET should be to forge closer links with formal and informal job markets. Lack of impact on poverty reduction. This is a question of the clientele of the system. TVET is almost exclusively geared to in-school male youth in grades 9 and 10 as part of SSC Vocational. The effectiveness of this approach should be evaluated. Similar programs have not proved cost-effective in other countries. Many of the graduates of SSC Vocational have no intention of entering the occupations for which they have been trained. Technical education is also narrowly focused on in-school clientele, whereas surveys show that only one third of practicing technicians have ever received formal education in the field. This calls for more in-service and upgrading training for those in the workforce. TVET needs to diversify its clientele. Vocational training, in particular, has the potential to make a greater impact on poverty reduction by helping trainees become self-employed or generate income. Another main objective for TVET should be to broaden its impact through diversification of cli entele and programs. Ineffectiveness of training support and delivery. One of the main constraints on solution of problems in TVET is the prevailing view that the government must finance and provide training through a centralized system of control rather than seek an efficient division of responsibilities with the private sector. In contrast with the relatively weak performance of the government financed and operated institutions, the non-government sector has demonstrated albeit on a very small scale the capability to develop local needs-based curriculum customized to the experiences of trainees. Above all, several non-governmental institutions have established effective links with employers and have achieved impressive employment rates for their graduates. One of the challenges will be to find ways to expand the service delivery of effective non-governmental institutions in vocational and technical education. On the other hand, the government provides key support on which non-governmental institution s must rely. This support includes such things as development of favorable policy environments, training of instructors, development of teaching materials, and research/information on the employment market. A key objective for TVET is to shift funds towards more effective modes of delivery and strengthen the supporting role of the public sector (as opposed to direct provision) Under-financing. TVET is expensive. It requires more instructors per student than general education because of the requirements for practice in workshops. It requires money for equipment, in-service training and consumable supplies. Most of these necessary inputs are lacking or insufficient in public institutions at present. Most institutions look to the central government to solve this problem, but it does not have the funds. External financing is seen by some as an alternative solution. However, external financing would be unsustainable. In several years, the problems of under-financing of equipment and supplies would reemerge and the problem would not have been solved. An important objective for TVET, therefore, is to mobilize non-public resources in a sustainable way to overcome chronic problems of under-financing.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Foreign Direct Investment Essay

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is a key component of the global capital flow that entails world economic growth through investment opportunities. As an investment tool FDI also affect the aggregated growth of the host country. FDI as a share of GDP has become the largest source of capital moving from developed nations to developing ones. FDI inflow usually involves starting new production facilities namely Greenfield investments or purchase of existing business through mergers and acquisitions. In developing nations, equity investments as a percentage of gross national income have been growing in recent years. In spite of FDI’s potential to impact on know-how, output and investment, development economists have unexpectedly not interested in finding a strong causal link to economic growth. However, some studies have identified a positive impact, but only if the country has human capital and infrastructural support. Literature Review The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of a country’s aggregated economic output. It is the final market value of all goods and services finally produced within the territory of a country in a particular year. GDP can be estimated in different ways and in different measurements which would give results with different implication. According to Sullivan and Steven (2003) GDP can be measured in three ways such as the product (or output) approach, the income approach, and the expenditure approach. The expenditure approach measures that all of the product must be bought by somebody and thus the value of the total product must be equal to total expenditures for purchase. Product approach aggregates the outputs of every business to get the total. The income approach measures the sum of all producers’ incomes based on the principal that the incomes of the productive factors must be equal to the value of their product. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the long term capital investment by a country into another country. It usually involves participation in a business entity by means of management, joint-venture, technological know-how and expertise. There are three types of FDI: inward foreign direct investment and outward foreign direct investment, resulting in a net FDI inflow. Whereas, foreign direct investment stock or FDI Stock is the cumulative number for a given period. FDI and Economic Growth Agrawal (2000) examined the impact of FDI inflows on GDP and found negative impact prior to 1980, mildly positive for early eighties and strongly positive over the late eighties and early nineties. This supported the view that FDI is more likely to be beneficial in more open economies. His study was based on both time-series and cross- section analysis of data from five South Asian countries i.e. India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal. Athukorala (2003) argued that there is no such extreme link between FDI and economic growth in Sri Lanka. However, the study did not imply that FDI is insignificant; rather, the study concluded that the direction of causal relation was not towards from FDI to GDP growth but GDP growth to FDI. Lan (2006) stated that FDI and economic growth are important determinants of each other in Vietnam over the period of 1996-2003. Thus the study concluded that economic growth in Vietnam was viewed as an important factor to attract FDI inflows into Vietnam. Feridun (2004) used Granger test to examine the causality between FDI and GDP in the economy of Cyprus and found that GDP in Cyprus was caused only by the FDI. Further the study suggested that the economic development will depend on the performance in attracting foreign investment in Cyprus. Borensztein, Gregorio and Lee (1998) argued that FDI had a positive growth effect when the country had human capital that allowed it to disseminate FDI spillovers. However, Alfaro et al (2003) argued that FDI promotes economic growth in countries having developed and liberalized financial markets. Methodology and Data GDP data has been obtained from World Bank website (World Development Indicators). Values are based upon GDP in national currency and the exchange rate projections provided by country economists for the group of other emerging market and developing countries. Exchanges rates for different economies are established in the WEO assumptions for each WEO exercise. UNCTAD has the most complete FDI database and it compiles data on bilateral FDI flows – both inflows and outflows. The main sources for UNCTAD’s FDI flows are national authorities (central banks or statistical office). These data are further complemented by data obtained from other international organizations such as the IMF, the World Bank (World Development Indicators), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), and UNCTADÂ ´s own estimates. Both Remittance and Official Development Assistance (ODA) data are retrieved from the website that compiled from IMF balance of payments data. Empirical Analysis & Interpretations of the Results This section presents the result of regressions of the previously defined measure of GDP using 20 years data of Bangladesh. Table 1 presents descriptive statistics for the variables used in the estimates. Summary statistics in table 3 include the mean and the standard deviation for time period of 1986-2005.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Determination of Ka for a weak Acdi Essay

Introduction In the experiment preformed the objective is to titrate a weak acid with a strong base. In a titration of a weak acid with a strong base the titrant is the strong base and the analyte is a weak acid. The reaction that will occur is the direct transfer of protons from the weak acid to the hydroxide ion. The data gathered will be represented on the titration curve, a graph of the volume of titrant being the strong base plotted against the pH .The pH is an indicator of an acids strength. The titration curve can be used to determine the pKa. By reading the graph the equivalence point can be found; which is the point where equal parts acid and base have reacted by knowing this the half-equivalence can be found pH=pKa. Procedure In the experiment pH paper will be used instead of a pH meter. The pH will be determined at the beginning and the end of the titration and the data table will be used to calculate the intermediate values. A burette is a more accurate piece of glassware used to deliver the titrate; in the lab being performed disposable pipet will be used making it very important to consistently dispense the same size drops. Before the titration the volume of a drop must be determined. A pipet is completely fill with distilled water. The average number of drops in a mL and the average quantity of a mL represented by on drop is calculated and recorded. Water is added drop by drop to a graduated cylinder from a pipet at the first, second and third mL lines the water drops are recorded. The average number of drops are calculated per mL. The average of the quantity of a mL represented by a drop is also recorded. A data table is set up to represent the trail averages. First 2.0 mL of unknown acid is measured into graduated cylinder and then poured into a beaker the volume is the recorded. By using a toothpick a drop of acid is placed onto low portion of pH paper, the pH level is recorded. One drop of the phenolphthalein indictor is added to the acid and the color is recorded. The beaker is set on a white sheet of paper before moving on. Next, a well in the 24-well plate is filled with NaOH solution and then sucked up into an  empty pipet. The pipet is the held vertically slowly adding drop by drop the NaOH into the beaker of the unknown solution. Drops are added until a color change occurs, changing to a faint pink for at least 30 seconds. A plastic spoon is used to stir after the addition of each drop. The number of drops of NaOH is recorded and the equivalence point is now determined. A drop of the acid is now transferred by toothpick to the high range pH indicator strip. The pH level of the acid is recorded before titration. The contents of the beaker are poured down the drain and all equipment is thoroughly cleaned. The above procedure is repeated twice more, all data is recorded to 4 decimal places for each trail on the data table. The average of the 3 trails is calculated and data is recorded. At the top of the pH column the unknown’s acid’s starting pH level before titration is entered. Next, the pH level of the acid after the titration, at its equivalence point is entered at the bottom of the pH column. The appropriate pH levels for each 2 drop interval is then calculated, by subtracting the initial pH from the final pH and dividing the resulting difference by the number of rows minus 1. This number is then added to the previous pH value. A graph is then made, pH is plotted on the y axis and volume of NaOH added on the x axis. This represents the titration curve. The pH that corresponds with the equivalence point and half equivalence points are located and the pKa is determined for the unknown acid, pH=pKa. The Ka is determined by taking the inverse log of the pKa(10-pka).

Thursday, January 2, 2020

The United States - 874 Words

The basic explanation of what this compromise was, is basically a package of 5 different bills that the United states Congress passed in 1850. That is not all though, for it is rather more complicated than just being 5 different bills. to further understand the compromise, you need to think back to the slave and free states of our country at this time. Rewind to a year before the compromise, 1849. At this time California had requested to enter the Union. Them entering the Union wasn’t the issue though, rather was the fact that they wanted to enter as a free state. In requesting so they upset the balance between the not so agreeing free and slave states in the U.S senate. The free states were the states in which slavery was illegal. The free states in The United States before 1850, around 1846 were as follows ; Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York, Michigan, Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine, and New Jersey. 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